Powder Technology, Vol.175, No.3, 146-162, 2007
Conduction and dissipation in the shearing flow of granular materials modeled as non-Newtonian fluids
After providing a brief review of the constitutive modeling of the stress tensor for granular materials using non-Newtonian fluid models, we study the flow between two horizontal flat plates. It is assumed that the granular media behaves as a non-Newtonian fluid (of the Reiner-Rivlin type); we use the constitutive relation derived by Rajagopal and Massoudi [Rajagopal, K. R. and M. Massoudi, "A Method for measuring material moduli of granular materials: flow in an orthogonal rheometer," Topical Report, DOE/PETC/TR-90/3, 1990] which can predict the normal stress differences, The lower plate is fixed and heated, and the upper plate (which is at a lower temperature than the lower plate) is set into motion with a constant velocity. The steady fully developed flow and the heat transfer equations are made dimensionless and are solved numerically; the effects of different dimensionless numbers and viscous dissipation are discussed. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Keywords:granular materials;conduction heat transfer;dissipation;shear flow;continuum mechanics;non-Newtonian fluids