The organic field-effect transistors based on polydiacetylene as an active semiconductor have been made. The hole mobility and the on/off ratio have been determined to be 1.3 x 10(-3) cm(2)/V s and 1.0 x 10(4), respectively, for the transistor based on the blue phase of polydiacetylene prepared from 10, 12-pentacosadiynoic acid. The gate-voltage-induced infrared absorption spectrum has been attributed to the positive carriers injected by field effect. The spectrum shows a remarkable electron-molecular vibration coupling between vibration levels and an electronic transition.