Porous Al2O3 and SiC-dispersed-Al2O3 (Al2O3/SiC) nanocomposites with improved mechanical properties were fabricated using pulse electric current sintering (PECS). Microstructures with fine grains and enhanced neck growth, as well as high fracture strength, could be achieved via PECS of Al2O3. The incorporation of fine SiC particles into an Al2O3 matrix significantly increased the fracture strength of porous Al2O3. Based on microstructural observations, it was revealed that the refinement of Al2O3 grains and neck growth occurred by PECS and nanocomposite processing.