The aim of this article is to present the ultrasonic machining of an alumina-based engineering ceramic composite. The machining mechanism and the behavior of certain tool material and work material combinations with respect to penetration rate and tool-wear rate under the influence of different parameters in ultrasonic machining are discussed in this paper. The shocking movement and cutting mechanics of the abrasive particle under the tip of the vibrating tool have been observed using high-speed photographic equipment. The machined surface has been analyzed by using a scanning electron microscope. Surface roughness values were measured and plotted at entry and at exit of the holes for different types and sizes of holes using the surface roughness-measuring instrument "Perthometer."