A novel method for producing full-dense nano-grained alumina was reported. The heat generated by the combustion reaction (or self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS)) was applied to act as a heating source. An alumina compact was loaded inside the combustion reactants. After reaction, the temperature of the alumina compact was increased at a heating rate of 1600 degrees C/min. A large mechanical pressure was applied, when the temperature reached the maximum. Two kinds of alpha-Al2O3 powders (200 and 600 nm) were used as the raw materials. The rapid densification process was performed within 2 min. Microstructure analysis indicated that the grains had no significant growth.