Combustion and Flame, Vol.114, No.3-4, 349-358, 1998
Transient heating, gasification, and oxidation of an energetic liquid fuel
An analytical and computational study of the gasification and oxidation of an energetic liquid fuel droplet is presented. Single-step, finite-rate, Arrhenius reaction rate expressions are used for exothermic liquid-phase decomposition and gas-phase oxidation. The liquid fuel is assumed to decompose to a gaseous product at a fixed number of bubble sites per unit mass (specified a priori) within the droplet. Decomposed gas escapes the droplet surface by: (1) decomposition (gasification) of the droplet surface, (2) decomposition at the surface of bubbles that connect with the droplet surface, and (3) escape of gas inside bubbles due to droplet surface regression. The transient, two-phase, governing equations are solved numerically for various values of the nondimensional reaction rate coefficients (for both decomposition and oxidation), heats of decomposition and oxidation, number of bubbles per unit mass (N/m), and ambient temperature and pressure. After an ignition delay period, the flame radius is predicted to increase nearly linearly with time until the droplet is gasified. After this time (eta(d),*), the flame radius decreases with time. The variation of flame radius with time differs from classical droplet burning due to the exothermic decomposition process that determines the gasification rate and influences the heat fur at the droplet surface. Simplified scaling previously derived for the droplet lifetime also correlates the effect of decomposition parameters on the flame behavior. Gas-phase oxidation does not appreciably affect the droplet lifetime, for the selected base case values of the above parameters, because droplet heating is controlled primarily by the liquid-phase decomposition. As the decomposition rate is reduced (e.g., by reducing Nim), the time scale for heat conduction from the flame to the droplet becomes comparable to that of liquid decomposition, and hence gas-phase oxidation significantly reduces eta(d). For the base case, liquid-phase decomposition increases the flame temperature by approximately 6%.