Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol.253, No.1-4, 472-480, 2003
Growth and characterization of cesium halides with cubic morphologies
We have observed that if cesium halides are growing from small, isolated, aqueous solution droplets, often well faceted, cubic shape crystals are encountered. These cubes, bounded by {1 0 0} faces, are not stable and after a short period they undergo an instantaneous phase transition and turn rough and grainy. The metastable cubes are a polymorph of cesium halide, most likely with the fcc sodium chloride structure. Upon crystallization of cesium halides from saturated formamide solutions, apart from a number of the above-mentioned metastable cubes, all the other crystals also exhibit a cubic shape. Again they are bounded by the {1 0 0} faces, but they did not undergo the instantaneous phase transition. X-ray diffraction showed the stable cubes to be the stable polymorph of cesium halide having the primitive cubic structure. Surface topography of the {1 0 0} faces using Atomic force microscopy showed that the stable cubes grow by steps of d(100) in height and that the surface is not reconstructed. The stabilization of the polar {1 0 0} faces is explained, by assuming that the crystal terminates in a Cs (+) layer, by a strong interaction of the polar formamide solvent molecules with the Cs (+) ions at the top of the crystal surface. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.