So far, Process Systems Engineering (PSE) has contributed to the creation and improvement of new chemical production systems, by effective and rational combination of existing elementary production units and related information treatment parts, from both design and operational view points. However, it should not be forgotten that the structure of production units or information treatment parts are already fixed and given in many cases, when such methodologies are going to be applied to practical production systems. In this paper, we show that such production units or information treatment parts themselves should be newly created and synthesized from the viewpoint of the production system as the total, in order to create more rational production systems in the coming century. Next, the development of a new heat integrated distillation column, based on the above general concept, is reported and its characteristics of energy saving are discussed from a thermodynamic viewpoint.