Bio-inspired optics have the potential to transform the process of image collection and analysis in the future. Through simplicity and dynamics these collection systems may provide multiple functions with an excellent level of reliability. From the graded index of the fish-eye to the hyper-acuity of the compound eye, nature has provided function with amazing simplicity. This article reviews a select number of biological vision systems and the unique material behaviors that rise to these characteristics. We introduce the materials chemistry and morphological complexity that enables the biological system behavior.