Desalination, Vol.108, No.1-3, 231-245, 1997
Industrial water production by utilization of a reverse osmosis and an evaporation plant
ITALIMPIANTI has realized the steel making plant in Woljsky (on 1989), situated in the Volgograd area between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea, with a steel output of 150,000 t/y from scrap, 720,000 t/y of seamless pipes, and 210,000 t/y of blooms. In the ambit of the operation system of water necessary for the production cycles, for ancillary equipments and in compliance with the former USSR rules, it has been chosen a treatment system to bring to ''zero'' the waste water discharge from the steel plant complex. In this point of view, the ''conventional'' treatment stages of the make-up recycling water and steam generators feeding is as follows: flow rate 300 m(3)/h, softening line, gravity sand filters, two lines of demiwater production for two different purposes, final storage, and sand filter backwash treatment and sludge dewatering lines. A ''non-conventional'' process is added to the previous one to treat different effluents of backwashing water of resins used for the demineralizing system for which the following scheme is foreseen: flow rate max. 600 m(3)/d, neutralization, and two lines of RO having each three stages in series. The aim of this treatment plant is to produce industrial water with characteristics as above mentioned. The concentrated makes up the feeding of a multi-nash evaporator with a production of mixed crystals and condensate used as industrial water.