The gap between water supply and demand is widening in Jordan. Sound measures to overcome this gap are essential for sustainable water development. In this paper non-conventional energy technologies for water desalination are discussed. These include hydropower, solar, wind, and nuclear technologies. Using multi-criteria analysis, options were evaluated for best water uses considering water productivity and environmental sustainability criteria. It was concluded that hydropower and solar technologies are most effective for water desalination in Jordan. On the other hand, wind and nuclear technologies have low likelihood to be viable in the short term.