Salicylic acid doped hollow polyaniline and rhodamine B composite spheres (1.9-3.3 mu m in average diameter) with a high conductivity (approximate to 10(-1) S . cm(-1)) and a strong fluorescence were synthesized by a template-free method. The morphologies, electrical and fluorescent properties of the hollow composite micropheres can be adjusted by changing the content of RhB in the composites opening a simple route to preparing multi-functionalized micro/nano-structures.