Embryonic stem cells (ES cells), bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells, and hepatic stem cells in liver have been known as a useful source that can induce to differentiate into hepatocytes. In this study, we examined whether human adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (hADSC) can differentiate into hepatic lineage in vitro. hADSC, that were induced to differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells by the treatment of HGF and OSM, had morphology similar to hepatocytes. Addition of DMSO enhanced differentiation into hepatocytes. RT-PCR and immunocytochemical analysis showed that hADSC express albumin and alpha-fetoprotein during differentiation. Differentiated hADSC showed LDL uptake and production of urea. Additionally, transplanted hADSC to CCI4-injured SCID mouse model were able to be differentiated into hepatocytes and they expressed albumin in vivo. Mesenchymal stem cells isolated front human adipose tissue are immunocompatible and are easily isolated. Therefore, hADSC may become an alternative source to hepatocyte regeneration or liver cell transplantation. (C) 2005 Published by Elsevier Inc.