The ability of parathyroid hormone (PTH) to enhance bone formation has recently been exploited in the treatment of osteoporosis. Several studies have Suggested that the activation of bone marrow stromal cells could be preceded to show the anabolic effect of PTH on bone formation, but little is known of PTH-regulated proteins in bone marrow cells. Therefore, protein profiling in the intermittent PTH-treated bone marrow cells was evaluated using proteomics. Daily treatment for 5 days consisting of subcutaneous injection of either 150 mu g/kg per day of mouse PTH (1-84) or vehicle (0.9% normal saline) was performed on the ICR Mouse. At the end of the treatment period, bone marrow cells were separated and used in proteomics. The expression levels of seven proteins including vimentin were decreased, but those of four proteins including calreticulin and thioredoxin domain containing 7 protein (Txnde7) were increased. Among these, the decrease of vimentin and the increase of both calreticulin Txnde7 in mRNA levels were confirmed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. In PTH-treated mouse MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cells, mRNA expression levels were not totally consistent with the results observed in proteomics. In conclusion, the differentially expressed proteins in bone marrow cells depending on PTH could be highly linked to the differentiation of osteoprogenitor cells in the bone marrow into preosteoblast cells. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.