To examine the mechanism by which growth-stimulated pancreatic beta-cells dedifferentiate, somatic cell fusions were performed between MIN6, a highly differentiated mouse insulinoma, and beta lox5, a cell line derived from human beta-cells which progressively dedifferentiated in culture. MIN6/beta lox5 somatic cells hybrids underwent silencing of insulin expression and a marked decline in PDX1, NeuroD, and MafA, indicating that beta lox5 expresses a dominant transacting factor(s) that represses beta-cell differentiation. Expression of Hes1, which inhibits endocrine differentiation was higher in hybrid cells than in parental MIN6 cells. Hes6, a repressor of Hes1, was highly expressed in primary beta-cells as well as MIN6, but was repressed in hybrids. Hes6 overexpression using a retroviral vector led to a decrease in Hes1 levels, an increase in beta-cell transcription factors and partial restoration of insulin expression. We conclude that the balance of Notch activators and inhibitors may play an important role in maintaining the beta-cell differentiated state. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.