We aimed to examine the expression of EGFR in neuroblastoma tissues and to investigate the antitumor activity of a selective EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor, gefitinib, on neuroblastoma. The expression of EGFR was detected in each of two tumor tissues by immunohistochemistry and eight of 10 cell lines by Western blotting. Gefitinib inhibited EGFR-phosphorylation and in vitro cell growth (IC50: approximately 1.2 mu M), and a high concentration of gefitinib (20-30 mu M) induced apoptosis in vitro. This is the first report that EGFR protein is expressed on the cell surface in neuroblastoma tissues and in cell lines. We also demonstrated an EGFR inhibitor induced apoptosis on neuroblastoma, cells. Our results suggest the feasibility of targeting EGFR as a novel strategy against neuroblastoma. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.