Organic anions are secreted into urine via organic anion transporters across the renal basolateral and apical membranes. However, no apical membrane transporter for organic anions such as p-amino-hippuric acid (PAH) has Set been identified. In the present study, we showed that human NPT1, which is present in renal apical membrane, mediates the transport of PAH. The K-m value for PAH uptake was 2.66 mM and the uptake was chloride ion sensitive. These results are compatible with those reported for the classical organic anion transport system at the renal apical membrane. PAH transport was inhibited by various anionic compounds. Human NPT1 also accepted uric acid, benzylpenicillin, faropenem, and estradiol-17 beta-glucuronide as substrates. Considering its chloride ion sensitivity, Npt1 is expected to function for secretion of PAH from renal proximal tubular cells. This is the first molecular demonstration of an organic anion transport function for PAH at the renal apical membrane.