SPARC (secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine) is an extracellular Ca2+-binding glycoprotein associated with the morphogenesis and remodeling of various tissues. Here, involvement of SPARC in the myogenesis of skeletal myoblasts was investigated in vitro. First, the differential expression of SPARC mRNA during the myogenesis was initially identified by a differential display reverse transcription (DDRT)-PCR method. The expression of the SPARC gene was significantly up-regulated during the differentiation of C2C12 mouse myoblasts. Second, the treatment with anti-SPARC antibody almost completely prevented the differentiation of myoblasts. Third, the treatment with EGTA, a Ca2+ chelator that is known to inhibit the fusion of C2C12 myoblasts, reversibly inhibited the up-regulation of SPARC gene expression. On the other hand, the treatment with A23187, a Ca2+ ionophore, rapidly and dramatically increased the level of SPARC transcript. Taken together, these results suggest that SPARC may play a critical role(s) in the morphological change of myoblasts, and that the expression of SPARC gene may be controlled by Ca2+-dependent pathway in myogenesis.