Hyperimmune response via Fas/Fas-ligand and perforin/granzyme pathways may be essential in pathogenesis of virus-induced fulminant hepatitis. CrmA inhibits activation of caspases and granzyme B, suggesting it may block these pathways. We investigated whether CrmA expression would inhibit Fas-associated lethal hepatitis in mice, We successfully generated AxCALNLCrmA, a recombinant adenovirus expressing CrmA gene with a Cre-mediated switching cassette. We increased CrmA expression level in the liver transfected with AxCALNLCrmA (10(9) pfu) by increasing administration dose (10(7)-10(9) pfu) of AxCANCre, a recombinant, adenovirus-expressing Cre gene. injection of anti-Fas antibody into the control mice rapidly led to animal death due to massive liver apoptosis, while the apoptosis was dramatically reduced in the CrmA-expressed mice. The animal survival increased with an increase of CrmA expression. The formation of active caspase-3 was markedly inhibited in the crmA-transfected hepatocytes in vitro. These results suggest that crmA is an effective gene that can inhibit immune-related liver apoptosis.