Attractin/mahogany protein was previously shown to be involved in a number of physiological and pathological events, including immune system regulation, body weight control, pigmentation, myelinization, and tumor susceptibility. Human attractin has an enzymatic activity resembling dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV). In the central nervous system, attractin has been detected in neurons but not in glial, cells up to now. We show the expression of attractin mRNA and protein in glioma cell lines at different degree of transformation. In human U373 and U87 glioma cells (Grades III and TV), membrane-bound attractin displays hydrolytic activity amounting to 5 and 25% of total cellular DPP-TV-like enzyme activity, respectively. Such activity has not been observed in the rat Cg glioma cells (Grade I). Attractin presence in glioma, but not in normal glial cells, together with its differential enzymatic activity, suggests its role in growth properties of tumors of glial cell origin,