A one-step chemical reduction procedure affords the effective preparation of highly crystalline and disperse tin nanoparticles by virtue of the presence of cellulose fibers. These fibers play a crucial role as particles grow on their surface, which prevents agglomeration. The Li/Sn-cellulose cell exhibits very good electrochemical performance which makes the composite an excellent electrode material for lithium cells. (c) 2005 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.