The surface structure of uniaxially aligned poly(9,9bis(ethylhexyl)-fluorene-2,7-diyl) films on rubbed polymide has been studied as a function of molecular weight (M-n = 3-150 kg mol(-1), number-average molecular weight) using polarized microscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray reflectivity, and grazing-incidences X-ray diffraction. At the threshold M-n, M-n* -10 g mol(-1), there is a prominant transition in morphology from featureless (M-n < M-n*) to rough (M-n > M-n*), corresponding to the nematic-hexagonal phase transition. The hexagonal phase reveals two coexistant crystallite types in the whole film and at least one crystallite type has been observed at the surface by AFM. The combined optimization of alignment and surface smoothness is achieved slightly below M-n* while the combined optimization of orientational and local order and moderately smooth surface is achieved slightly above Mn*.