Aims: To evaluate the importance of garlic for fermentation of a Thai fish product, and to differentiate among garlic-/inulin-fermenting lactic acid bacteria (LAB) at strain level. Methods and Results: Som-fak was prepared by fermentation of a mixture of fish, salt, rice, sucrose and garlic. pH decreased to 4.5 in 2 days, but omitting garlic resulted in a lack of acidification. LAB were predominant and approximately one third of 234 isolated strains fermented garlic and inulin (the carbohydrate reserve in garlic). These strains were identified as Lactobacillus pentosus and Lact. plantarum. Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis revealed one major RAPD type (29 strains) isolated from all stages of fermentation. Conclusion: Garlic was essential for acidification of som-fak and garlic-fermenting strains constituted a significant, homogeneous part of the LAB flora. Significance and Impact of the Study: The present study indicates the role of fructans (garlic/inulin) as carbohydrate sources for LAB. Fructan fermenters may have several biotechnological applications, for example, as probiotics.