Aims: We investigated the production of alternatives to fuel oil through the bacterial metabolism of organic waste. The availability for this purpose of various sources of organic waste for hydrocarbon production by the alkane-producing bacterium, Vibrio furnissii M1, was examined. Methods and Results: We screened 17 authentic compounds which can generally be found in organic waste for their hydrocarbon production. Carbon (3 mmol) in a 50-ml culture with acetic acid, lactic acid, butyric acid, succinic acid, malic acid, pentanoic acid, hexanoic acid glucose, xylose, starch or sucrose yielded 10-27 mg of alkanes or alkenes. The chain length of these alkanes or alkenes varied according to the culture from C-14 to C-27. Varying the ratio of carbon to nitrogen in the culture had no effect on the hydrocarbon production. Crude blackstrap molasses were also converted into alkanes with a conversion ratio of 20% (half of that in an authentic sucrose medium) of the total carbon consumption. Conclusions: V. furnissii M1 could produce hydrocarbons corresponding to kerosene or light oil from volatile fatty acids and sugars. Significance and Impact of the Study: This is the first report on bacterial hydrocarbon production from organic waste.