The filamentous fungus Paecilomyces lilacinus is currently developed as a biocontrol agent against plant parasitic nematodes. Nematode eggs and cuticles are the infection sites for biocontrol agents that penetrate by the production of lytic enzymes. P. lilacinus was cultured in liquid media and proteases and chitinases were induced by the introduction of egg yolk and chitin, respectively. A serine protease was purified from a culture medium using Sepharose-bacitracin affinity column. The protease occurred in three forms, two of which were C-terminally truncated. Chitinase activity was also observed in the culture supernatant, and after separation by isoelectric focusing six proteins were detected that showed activity. Chitinase activity was further confirmed on non-denaturing one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) gels using a sandwich assay with glycol chitin as a substrate. Two of the proteins had similarities with endochitinases as shown by their N-terminal amino acid sequences. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.