Olive pollen allergy is a clinical disorder that affects around 20% of the population in Mediterranean areas. The major olive pollen allergen.. Ole e 10, is involved in cross-reactivity phenomena and asthma induction in allergic patients, and, besides its clinical interest, Ole e 10 is the first member of a new family of plant proteins. Ole e 10-specific cDNA has been cloned in the plasmid pPICZ alpha A and expressed in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. The recombinant protein has been purified in a two chromatographic-step procedure. N-Terminal sequencing, mass spectrometry, IgG, and IgE binding assays were employed to characterize the recombinant allergen. These analyses revealed that the product undergoes a proteolytic cleavage in the N-terminal end with the loss of the first six residues. Different strategies were used to solve this problem, such as changes in the fermentation conditions and the employment of protease-deficient yeast strains. Proteolytic cleavage was minimized and about 51% of role e 10 was obtained as a full-length protein. Moreover, a covalent modification was found in the N-terminal end of the full-length rOle e 10. Peptide mapping and mass spectrometry analyses pointed to the existence of a phosphorylation located in a serine residue of the N-terminal segment of role e 10 and it was confirmed after treatment of the sample with alkaline phosphatase. Finally, both full-length and truncated role e 10 retained most of the IgG- and IgE-binding capabilities of the natural protein isolated from the pollen. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.