In the past, covalently, cross-linked, three-dimensional macromolecular model for coal structure has been widely accepted and specific responses from processes like gasification and liquefaction interpreted accordingly. Recent studies, however, have shown that many coal molecules appear to be physically associated and, therefore, more responsive to secondary interactions than any cross-linked network model should be. Current two-stage liquefaction processes are based on the conventional three-dimensional model. In this study, preconversion processing for coal liquefaction is reinvestigated assuming a physical association in coal structure. Two main factors that reduce the gas yield and enhance the oil yield have been investigated : (1) dissolution of associated coal molecules without the addition of chemical reagents and (2) reactivity differences of coal fractions with low and high molecular weights. Coal samples were soaked in a coal liquid at 350 and 400-degrees-C. Oil fractions were isolated and liquefaction commenced under mild conditions. A high-volatile bituminous coal and an acid-washed subbituminous coal were evaluated. The procedure followed generated a 30% increase in the oil yield and a 15-20% decrease in the gas yield compared with results obtained using conventional methods.