The absolute configuration and conformation of 1-phenylethanol (1-PhEtOH) have been determined by matrix-isolation infrared (IR) and vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectroscopy combined with quantum chemical calculations. Quantum chemical calculations have identified that there are three conformers, namely, I, II, and III, in which characteristic intramolecular interactions are found. The IR spectrum-conformation correlation for 1-PhEtOH has been developed by the Ar matrix-isolation IR measurement and used for the assignments of the observed IR bands. In a dilute CCl4 solution, 1-PhEtOH exists predominantly as conformer I along with a trace amount of conformer II. By considering conformations and intermolecular hydrogen-bonding in the spectral simulation for (S)-1-PhEtOH, we have successfully reproduced the VCD spectrum of (-)-1-PhEtOH observed in a dilute CS2 solution. Thus, (-)-1-PhEtOH is of S-configuration and conformer I in the dilute solution. The same method has been applied to analyze the VCD spectra measured in the liquid state of (-)-1-PhEtOH. The absolute configuration of 1-PhEtOH in the condensed phase is enabled by identifying VCD bands that are insensitive to conformational changes and intermolecular interactions. The present work provides a combinatorial procedure for determination of both the absolute configuration and the conformation of chiral molecules in a dilute solution and condensed phase.