The presence of poly(epsilon-L-lysine) (epsilon-PL) was found quite frequently by screening various strains of Streptomyces sp. Most of the ten newly obtained epsilon-PLs, when they were produced from glucose, showed a polydispersity index of M-w/M-n = 1.01 using ion-pair chromatography analysis. The polymers were classified into five groups according to their chain lengths. The average numbers of residues in the five groups were 32, 28, 25, 19, and 16, respectively. The use of glycerol instead of glucose resulted in decreases of 10 to 20% in the M-n and slight increases in the M-w/M-n. These observations indicated the chain length and polydispersity of epsilon-PL were primarily determined by each producer strain. Proton and C-13 NMR analysis revealed the signals of glycerol-derived ester at the C terminus of the polymer from several producers including the first discovered S. albulus strain, although the percentages of the ester were low under our culture conditions. These results, coupled with the previous observation that SO42- was essential for the polymer production, led to discussion on the mechanistic aspects of monomer activation, elongation, and termination in the biosynthesis of epsilon-PL.