The adsorption behavior of five surfactants, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), Triton X-100, Tween 80, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and rhamnolipid, on a Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain and the effect of temperature and ionic strength (IS) on the adsorption were studied. The change of cell surface lypohydrophilic property caused by surfactant adsorption was also investigated. The results showed that the adsorption kinetics of the surfactants on the cell followed the second-order law. CTAB adsorption was the fastest one under the experimental conditions, and it took longest for SDS adsorption to equilibrate because of electric repulsion. The adsorption of Triton X-100 and Tween 80 was characterized by short equilibration time, and rhamnolipid adsorption reached equilibrium in about 90 min. The adsorption isotherms of all the surfactants on the bacterium fitted Freundlich equation well, but the adsorption capacity and mode were variations for the surfactants as indicated by k and n parameters in the equations. The adsorption mode for all the surfactants except SDS is probably hydrophilic interaction because the adsorption totally turned the cell surface to be more hydrophobic. Neither the temperature nor the IS had significant effect on CTAB adsorption, but higher IS significantly enhanced SDS adsorption and modestly strengthened adsorption of Triton X-100, Tween 80, and rhamnolipid. Higher temperature strengthened adsorption of SDS but weakened the adsorption of Triton X-100, Tween 80, and rhamnolipid.