RNA polymerase III (RNA pol III) transcribes many small structural RNA molecules involved in RNA processing and translation, and thus regulates the growth rate of a cell. Accurate initiation by RNA pol III requires the initiation factor TFIIIB. TFIIIB has been demonstrated to be regulated by tumor suppressors, including ARF, p53, RB, and the RB-related pocket proteins, and is a target of the oncogene c-myc and the mitogen-activated protein kinase ERK. EGCG has been demonstrated to inhibit the growth of a variety of cancer cells, induce apoptosis and regulate the expression of p53, myc, and ERK. Thus, we hypothesized that EGCG may regulate RNA pol III transcription in cells. Here, we report that EGCG (1) inhibits RNA pol III transcription from gene internal and gene external promoters (2) EGCG inhibits protein expression of the TFIIIB subunits Brf1 and Brf2, and (3) EGCG inhibits Brf2 promoter activity in cervical carcinoma cells. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.