TNF alpha has multiple important cellular functions both in normal cells and in tumor cells. To explore the role of TNF alpha, we identified NUAK family, SNF1-like kinase 2 (NUAK2), as a TNF alpha-induced kinase by gene chip analysis. NUAK2 is known to be induced by various cellular stresses and involved in cell mortality, however, its substrate has never been identified. We developed original protocol of de novo screening for kinase substrates using an in vitro kinase assay and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Using this procedure, we identified myosin phosphatase target subunit 1 (MYPT1) as a specific substrate for NUAK2. MYPT1 was phosphorylated at another site(s) by NUAK2, other than known Rho-kinase phosphorylation sites (Thr696 or Thr853) responsible for inhibition of myosin phosphatase activity. These data suggests different phosphorylation and regulation of MYPT1 activity by NUAK2. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.