Bi-layered hybrid nanostructures of polythiophene (PTh) and metal nanotubes are fabricated by a sequential electrochemical synthetic method. Huge enhancement of photoluminescence of PTh single nanotubes coated with nanometer-scale Cu, Ni, or Co metal is observed by using a laser confocal microscope, and can be explained by the effect of surface plasmon resonance. Bright light emission from a single strand of a PTh/Cu hybrid nanotube is observed (see figure).