화학공학소재연구정보센터
Macromolecules, Vol.41, No.7, 2541-2547, 2008
Structural correlation between crystal lattice and lamellar morphology in the phase transitions of uniaxially oriented syndiotactic polystyrene (delta and delta(e) forms) as revealed by simultaneous measurements of wide-angle and small-angle X-ray scatterings
The simultaneous measurement of wide-angle (WAXS) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) patterns has been made successfully for the first time for the Uniaxially oriented delta (filled clathrate) and delta(e) (emptied clathrate) forms during the heating process. The basic idea behind these measurements is to clarify the correlation between the crystal structure change and the morphological change of the stacked lamella. At room temperature the delta and delta(e) forms showed a two-point scattering pattern, indicating the stacked lamellar structure. However, in the delta(e) form the two-point scattering pattern was completely masked by strong diffused scattering because of the empty cavities in the crystal lattice due to the removal of solvent molecules. WAXS and SAXS results revealed that the delta to gamma phase transition Occurs smoothly without disturbing the stacked lamellar structure very much. Oil the other hand, a major reorganization in the stacked lamellar structure was observed in the case of delta(e) to gamma transition through a disordered structure (intermediate form). These results suggest that the solvent molecules, which are residing in the crystal lattice, play a crucial role in the phase transition from delta to gamma form. At higher temperatures around 190-200 degrees C, the gamma form was found to transform to the alpha (and partially P) form. The long period and lamellar thickness increased remarkably during this gamma to alpha (beta) transition. It is shown that the large change in the stacked lamellae during this gamma to alpha (beta) transition is not only due to the unraveling of the helices into planar-zigzag form but also because of the number of repeating units at the boundary of crystalline and amorphous region increases.