Molybdenum sulfide and cobalt-molybdenum sulfide catalysts supported on mesoporous SBA-15 were prepared by thermal decomposition of ammonium thiomolybdate (ATM). SBA-15 was synthesized at 353 K and 413 K to obtain pore diameters of about 6 and 9 nm, respectively. The (Co)-MoS2/SBA-15 catalysts were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), N-2-physisorption and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). HRTEM images give evidence for the presence of a poorly dispersed MoS2 phase with long MoS2 slabs and a pronounced MoS2 stacking. The catalytic performance in the hydrodesulfurization (HDS) reaction of dibenzothiophene (DBT) was examined at T = 623 K and P = 3.4 MPa. The Co-MoS2/SBA-15 materials show a relatively high catalytic activity with a strong preference for the direct desulfurization (DDS) pathway. This is an interesting result in view of the significant stacking of MoS2 particles and the size of the slabs. The generation of the catalytically active CoMoS phase and a large number of coordinately unsaturated sites (CUS) may explain the high performance of Co promoted MoS2/SBA-15 catalysts in the HDS reaction. A confinement effect of the mesoporous channels of SBA-15 is observed for the unpromoted MoS2/SBA-15 catalysts. SBA-15 with 9 nm channel diameter with 11 wt.% Mo loading shows a higher selectivity for the hydrogenation pathway than SBA-15 with 6 nm channel and 16 wt.% Mo loading.