Wnt proteins control cell survival and cell fate during development. Although Wnt expression is tightly regulated in a spatio-temporal manner, the mechanisms involved both at the transcriptional and translational levels are poorly defined. We have identified a downstream translation initiation codon, AUG(+74), in Wnt13B and Wnt13C mRNAs responsible for the expression of Wnt13 nuclear forms. In this report, we demonstrate that the expression of the nuclear Wnt13C form is translationally regulated in response to stress and apoptosis. Though the 5 '-leaders of both Wnt13C and Wnt13B mRNAs have an inhibitory effect on translation, they did not display an internal ribosome entry site activity as demonstrated by dicistronic reporter assays. However, mutations or deletions of the upstream AUG(-99) and AUG(+1) initiation codons abrogate these translation inhibitory effects, demonstrating that Wnt13C expression is controlled by upstream open reading frames. Since long 5 '-untranslated region with short upstream open reading frames characterize other Wnt transcripts, our present data on the translational control of Wnt13 expression open the way to further studies on the translation control of Writ expression as a modulator of their subcellular localization and activity. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.