Ghrelin and obestatin both are orexigenic/anorexigenic peptides which are secreted from gastrointestinal tracts fundus submucosa cells). Obestatin is a 23 amino acid peptide recently isolated from rat stomach, is encoded by the same gene that encodes ghrelin. It has been suggested that ghrelin/obestatin stimulate growth hormone release and have opposite actions on food intake. Distribution and biological activity of obestatin and its role in energy balance were studied in rodents. The purpose of the present study was to investigate fundus and intestine obestatin concentrations and selected hormonal responses to a treadmill exercise running program. Fourteen adult Wistar male rats (12-14 weeks old, 235-250 g) were used for this study. Animals were divided into control (n = 7) and training (n = 7) groups. Training group was given exercise on a motor-driven treadmill at 25 m/min (0% grade) for 60 min/day, 5 days/week for 6 weeks. Rats were sacrificed 48 h after the last session of exercise fundus, small intestine, and liver were excised, immediately washed in ice-cold saline, and frozen in liquid nitrogen for determination of obestatin and ATP concentrations and liver glycogen content. Plasma was collected for glucose, growth hormone (GH), insulin, and cortisol measurements. Total obestatin concentrations were significantly (P < 0.045, P < 0.032, respectively) low in trained rat fundus and intestine at rest. Fundus and intestine ATP content remained unchanged. Liver glycogen content was significantly (P < 0.039) higher in trained rats. Changes in plasma total obestatin, glucose, insulin, cortisol levels were not significant. Plasma GH concentrations was significantly (P < 0.001) higher in trained animals when compared with control rats. The data indicate that moderate treadmill exercise was able to reduce fundus and small intestine total obestatin concentrations and this reduction was accompanied with a higher plasma CH and liver glycogen content in trained rats. Exercise training might modulate fundus and intestine total obestatin levels via an improvement of energy source and a negative feedback action of GH on this peptide. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.