Inflammation is involved in numerous diseases, including chronic inflammatory diseases and the development of cancer. Many plants possess a variety of biological activities, including antifungal, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities. However, Our understanding of the anti-inflammatory effects of 6-gingerol is very limited. We used lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages as a model of inflammation to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of 6-gingerol, which contains phenolic structure. We found that 6-gingerol exhibited an anti-inflammatory effect. 6-Gingerol could decrease inducible nitric oxide synthase and TNF-alpha expression through suppression of I-kappa B alpha phosphorylation, NF-kappa B nuclear activation and PKC-alpha translocation, which in turn inhibits Ca2+ mobilization and disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Here, we demonstrate that 6-gingerol acts as an anti-inflammatory agent by blocking NF-kappa B and PKC signaling, and may be developed as a useful agent for the chemoprevention of cancer or inflammatory diseases. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.