The recent literature concerning the partial oxidation of methane to methanol and formaldehyde is reviewed, with particular attention to advances made since 1985. A number of topics are discussed in detail including approaches that can be taken in ranking catalyst performance as well as the extensive literature concerning simple oxide and supported oxide catalysts. It is considered that novel experimental approaches are required if high selectivity of commercial significance is to be achieved. Against this background the design methods for novel materials and alternative experimental approaches are highlighted.