The concept that biomass represents a source of liquid fuel and of different raw materials has led to the development of various research programmes in this field. Our investigations in this direction are based on the following premises: (1) all kinds of biomass incorporate almost the same components, (2) energy from conventional forestry (forest energy) and from energy plantations (energy forestry), (3) energy from wood powder as an upgraded wood fuel, (4) the macromolecular compounds existing in the biomass incorporate biosynthesis energy, and their conversion to useful products, (5) oils by liquefaction of biomass with different catalytic and noncatalytic processes, and (6) by conversion of biomass to solid, liquid, and gaseous fuels by pyrolysis and gasification.