An experimental study was conducted to investigate the fouling process of calcium carbonate on the heat transfer surface, during forced convective heat transfer. The dynamic monitoring apparatus of fouling resistance was set up for the present experiments. The fouling behaviors were examined under different factors including fluid velocity, hardness, alkalinity, solution temperature, and wall temperature. Asymptotic fouling curves varying with time were obtained. The fouling rate and asymptotic fouling resistance increased and the induction periods were shortened with the fluid velocity decreasing, hardness and alkalinity increasing, and solution temperature and heat transfer surface temperature increasing. The components of fouling that formed on the heat transfer surface included crystallization fouling and particulate fouling. The thermal performance parameter of fouling, rho(f)lambda(f), varied from 380 to 2600 kg center dot W center dot(m(4)center dot K)(-1), increasing with growing velocity and decreasing solution temperature, hardness or alkalinity. Furthermore, the thermal conductivity of fouling, lambda(f), varied from 1.7 to 2.2 W center dot(m center dot K)(-1).