In a series of studies on precleaning technology based on sulfur forms, an advanced desulfurization process that can be carried out under mild conditions has been developed for the production of clean sulfur-free fuel. The selectivity of adsorption of various metal compounds to thiols, sulfides, and thiophenes in a model fuel (n-dodecane) at room temperature was investigated. Among the studied metal compounds, lead oxide showed the highest selectivity to both aliphatic and aromatic thiols. The rate of adsorption of thiols on lead oxide depended on the length of the alkyl chain and initial concentration of thiols. X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared measurements indicated that the adsorption form varied with the initial concentration and type of thiols.