Nine cellulolytic bacterial strains were isolated from soil sample taken in southern Taiwan. Through 16S rRNA sequence matching: eight of those isolates belong to Cellulomonas sp., while the other one belongs to Cellulosimicrobium cellulans. The activity of cellulolytic enzymes (cellulases and xylanase) produced from those strains was mainly present extracellularly and the enzyme production was dependent on cellulosic substrates (xylan, rice husk and rice straw) used for growth. HPLC analysis confirmed the bacterial hydrolysis of these cellulosic substrates for soluble sugars production. The efficiency of fermentative H-2 production from the enzymatically hydrolyzed rice husk was examined with sever H-2-producing pure bacterial isolates. With an initial reducing sugar concentration of 0.36 g l(-1), only Clostridum butyricum CGS5 exhibited efficient H-2 production from the rice husk hydrolystates with a cumulative H-2 production and H-2 yield of 88.1 ml l(-1) and 19.15 mmol H-2 (g reducing sugar)(-1) (or 17.24 mmol H-2) (g cellulose)(-1) respectively. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.