For discrete-time switched linear systems under nondeterministic autonomous switching, the existence of causal finite-path-dependent stabilizing output injection and state feedback laws are characterized by increasing unions of linear matrix inequality conditions. These convex characterizations lead to the notions of causal finite-path-dependent detectability and stabilizability, which in turn yield a separation result for dynamic output feedback stabilization. By generalizing the standard duality concept to switched systems under arbitrary switching path constraints, we relate these notions to direct extensions of time-varying detectability and stabilizability requirements.