Catalytic hydrogenation of vegetable oils was studied over Pd nanocomposite carbon catalysts. The mesoporous structure of the carbon support was beneficial to achieve fast hydrogenation rates and the desired cis/trans ratio of monoenic products of edible oil hydrogenation.. The preparation procedure developed for a slurry catalyst was successfully utilized for fixed bed applications. Industrial experience of Pd/nanocomposite carbon utilization in selective hydrogenation of edible and total hydrogenation of nonedible oils is described.