International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.51, No.19-20, 4717-4727, 2008
Height and stability of laminar plane fountains in a homogeneous fluid
The behaviour of plane fountains, resulting from the injection of a denser fluid upwards into a large body of a lighter homogeneous fluid, is investigated numerically. The transient behaviour Of fountains with a uniform inlet velocity, Reynolds number Re = 100, Prandtl number Pr = 7, and Froude number 0.25 <= Fr <= 10.0 is Studied numerically. In the present case, the density variation is as a result of temperature difference between the fountain and the ambient fluids. Three distinct regimes are identified; steady and symmetric fountains for 0.25 <= Fr <= 2.0, unsteady fountains with periodic lateral oscillation for 2.25 <= Fr <= 3.0, and unsteady fountains with aperiodic lateral oscillations for Fr >= 4.0. It is found empirically that the non-dimensional fountain height, z(m), scales differently with Froude number in each of these regimes; in the steady and symmetric region z(m) similar to Fr, in the unsteady and periodic lateral oscillation region z(m) similar to Fr-1.15 and in the unsteady and aperiodic lateral oscillation region z(m) similar to Fi(4/3). The results are compared with previous numerical and experimental results, where available and are consistent. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords:plane fountain;buoyancy dominated flows;numerical simulation;scaling;flapping;fountain stability