D-Allose is a monosaccharide. We previously reported that D-allose attenuated renal injury by inhibiting the activation of neutrophils after renal ischemia/reperfusion. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) triggers sepsis syndrome by activating monocytes to produce proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, which potently stimulates the activation of neutrophils. This study was undertaken to examine the effects of D-allose on renal injury in the systemic inflammatory response induced by LPS administration, with emphasis on systemic TNF-alpha and the activation of neutrophils in the rat kidney. Serum and renal TNF-alpha, renal cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC)-1, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) concentrations, and renal function after LPS administration were evaluated. D-Allose (400 mg/kg body weight) inhibited LPS-induced increases in serum and renal TNF-alpha concentrations and renal CINC-1 and MPO concentrations after LPS administartion, as well as the subsequent neutrophil-mediated renal injury. These findings may have important implications in understanding the biologic functions of D-allose. D-Allose may prove useful in protecting against acute renal injury in systemic inflammatory responses to LPS.