Three facile routes were utilized to synthesize ZSM-5 materials with intracrystal or intercrystal mesopores, where the polyvinyl butyral gel served as mesopore directing template. The three routes were divided into two synthesis strategies: the hydrothermal treatment of silica/PVB composite and recrystallization of preformed zeolite precursor with the assistance of PVB gel. The fabrication of silica/PVB composite was accomplished by two routes including sol-gel process and impregnation method. The resulting composite was undergone hydrothermal treatment. During the crystallization PVB was occluded in the ZSM-5 crystal, creating intracrystal mesopores in the zeolite. The last route for the synthesis of mesoporous ZSM-5 was realized by re-crystallization of preformed ZSM-5 zeolite in the presence of PVB. This route involved the pre-crystallization of the amorphous aluminosilicate to produce the pre-formed ZSM-5 precursor. Upon further crystallization of the mixture of PVB gel and pre-formed ZSM-5, the ZSM-5 precursor was transformed into ZSM-5 aggregate of nanocrystals, while the PVB gel was occluded in the ZSM-5 particles. Removal of the template generated the typical microporosity associated with ZSM-5 structure along with intercrystal mesoporosity produced from the PVB. The mesoporclus ZSM-5 exhibited enhanced catalytic activity in the toluene disproportionation and transalkylation with C9 and C-10 aromatics. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.