A study of the epitaxial growth of InP on SrTiO3(001) (STO) substrates is presented. Reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED) and X-ray diffraction experiments evidence the strong influence of STO surface reconstruction on the InP crystalline orientation. When grown on unreconstructed (001) STO surfaces, the InP lattice has its [111] direction perpendicular to the growth plane. When grown on (2 x 1) reconstructed STO surfaces, InP is (001) oriented on the (001) STO substrate. In both cases, at least one [110] InP in-plane direction is aligned to one of the [100] STO direction. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.