An enhancement of radiative recombination in GaInN/GaN heterostructures is being pursued by a reduction of defects associated with threading dislocations and a structural control of piezoelectric polarization in the active light-emitting regions. First, in conventional heteroepitaxy on sapphire substrate along the polar c-axis of GaN, green and deep green emitting light-emitting diode (LED) wafers are being developed. By means of photoluminescence at variable low temperature and excitation density, internal quantum efficiencies of 0.18 for LEDs emitting at 530 nm and 0.08 for those emitting at 555 nm are determined. Those values hold for the high current density of 50 A/cm(2) of high-power LED lamps. In bare epi dies, we obtain efficacies of 16 lm/W. At 780 A/cm(2) we obtain 22 lm when measured through the substrate only. The 555 nm LED epi material under pulsed photoexcitation shows stimulated emission up to a wavelength of 485 nm. This strong blue shift of the emission wavelength can be avoided in homoepitaxial multiple quantum well (MQW) and LED structures grown along the non-polar a- and m-axes of low-dislocation-density bulk GaN. Here, wavelength-stable emission is obtained at 500 and 488 nm, respectively, independent on excitation power density opening perspectives for visible laser diodes. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.